Muri iki gihe, Abana bahinduwe Abacuruzi imburagihe, biturutse ku babasambanya, babatera inda bakabashukisha udufaraga tw’intica ntikize, babizeza ko bazabafasha gukora imishinga ibateza imbere, nabo bakemera ko bazabahishira ntibatange amakuru yatuma bakurikiranwa n’Ubutabera cyangwa imiryango yabo ikabamenya.
Bamwe mu babyeyi bafite abana basambanyijwe bagaterwa inda, bavuga ko abana babo bahishira abazibateye, bitewe no kubashukisha kuzabafasha gukora imishinga y’iterambere cyane cyane iy’Ubucuruzi nabwo usanga buciriritse, bagamije guhunga ubutabera ndetse n’izindi ngaruka zishobora kugera ku muntu wahamijwe n’inkiko icyaha cyo gusambanya Umwana.
Uwitonze Emerance, umwe mu babyeyi batuye mu Karere ka Nyabihu, baganiriye n’Ikinyamakuru UMURENGEZI, avuga ko umwana we w’umukobwa w’imyaka 14 y’amavuko, yasambanyijwe agaterwa inda, agashukishwa udufaranga ngo najye mu bucuruzi.
Ati, “Ubu tuvugana, nahuye n’ikibazo gikomeye natewe n’umwana wanjye wasambanyijwe agaterwa inda. Namubajije uwayimuteye aranyihorera, nkomeje kumubaza ambwira ko atamuzi. Naramuretse arabyara, nyuma aratoroka ansigira akana gato, ngira ibyago kaza kwitaba Imana. Kugeza ubu sinzi aho aherereye, ariko hari uwampaye amakuru ko yagiye mu bucuruzi, nkatekereza ko yabujyanywemo n’uwamusambanyije, mbihuje no kuba we yari yaranze kumumbwira kandi nzi neza ko nta bundi bushobozi Umukobwa wanjye yari afite bw’igishoro.”
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Usibye ubu buhamya butangwa n’Ababyeyi, na babyir’ubwite(abasambanyijwe) barabyivugira, nk’uko bigarukwaho na Anet Murekatete (izina ryahinduwe), umubyeyi w’imyaka 20 uvuga ko yasambanyijwe agaterwa inda afite imyaka 17.
Ubwo twamusangaga muri kantine(cantine) aho akorera ubucuruzi bw’amata ahetse umwana, yadusangije ubuhamya bw’ibyamubayeho kugira ngo areke ishuri yisange muri ubu bucuruzi.
Ati, “Narigaga bantera inda, ishuri ndarihagarika. Nahohotewe n’umugabo wanyizezaga ko azangira umugore, amaze kubona anteye inda iwacu bakanyanga yambwiye ko bitashoboka ko tubana ahubwo ko azanshakira icyo gukora nanjye nkamubikira ibanga, bitewe n’ubuzima bubi narimbayemo naremeye none yanshingiye iyi kantine.”
Inzego za Leta zibona zite iki Kibazo?
Ibarura rusange ryakozwe muri 2019/2020 ryagaragaje ko abagore n’abakobwa bangana na 37% bafite hagati y’imyaka 15-49 bigeze gukorerwa bumwe mu bwoko bw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.(Raporo ya NISR 2022).
Umuryango Women for Women, uvuga ko wicaye ukibaza impamvu ihohoterwa ry’abana ridacika, baza gusanga ari ukubera ko rihishirwa. Abangavu na bo bakunze guhishira ababahohoteye cyangwa Abababsambanya bakabatera inda, kuko baba babasezeranyije kuzabafasha kurera abana, bakibuka kubivuga ari uko babona batangiye kwica amasezerano, nta n’ibimenyetso bapfa kubona.
Ni mu gihe Urwego rw’Igihugu ry’Ubugenzacyaha(RIB), nka rumwe mu nzego za Leta zishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana biganjemo Abangavu basambanywa bagaterwa inda, igaragaza ko ikibazo cy’abana bahohoterwa, kigihangaikishije kuko n’ubwo imibare igenda igabanuka ko ikiri hejuru, ishingiye ku mibare y’ibirego yakiriye muri 2022/2023 yagabanutseho hafi 17%, ugereranije n’umwaka wa 2019/2020.
RIB ikomeza igaragaza ko kudahishira iki kibazo, bigaragazwa nk’imwe mu ngamba zo guhangana na cyo.
Dr. Murangira Thierry, Umuvugizi w’urwego rw’igihugu ry’Ubugenzacyaha (RIB) agira ati, “Mu myaka 3 y’ingengo y’imari; 2018/2019 ibirego byakiriwe byari 3433, 2019/2020 biba 4077, noneho 2020/2021 biba 5330. Iyo rero urebye imibare, hiyongereyeho ibirego 1897 bihwanye na 55.2%. Muri abo ngabo 3199 ni abana basambanyijwe bagaterwa inda, abasambanyijwe ntibaterwa inda ni 1447.”
Uru rwego ruvuga ko mu isesengura yakoze, yasanze mu mpamvu zitera ikibazo cy’isambanywa ry’abana, ndetse bagaterwa inda, ku isonga hari ukudohoka kw’ababyeyi batagiha umwanya uhagije abana babo, ndetse no kurihishira kw’abahohotewe.
Batamuliza Mireille, umunyamabanga uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango, yemera ko icyi kibazo kitaragabanuka nk’uko byifuzwa.
Ati, “Iyo urebye kuva mu 2018-2019, imibare yarazamutse iva ku 19 832 ijya ku 23 628, ariko igihe Umushyikirano wabaga mu kwa 12/2019, ni bwo twari dufite iyo mibare. 2020 umwaka wose kuva mu kwa 1 kugeza mu kwa 12 imibare yaragabanutse, igera ku 19,701 ivuye kuri 23,628. Ariko nabo ni benshi! Abana basaga ibihumbi 19 badafite imyaka y’ubukure, badafite imibiri yiteguye gusama no kubyara, badafite ubumenyi, badafite ubushobozi mu buryo bw’amafaranga bwo kurera ba bana n’abo babyaye; ikibazo rero urumva kiracyari kinini.”
Ubwo yatangizaga umwaka w’ubucamanza wa 2022/2023, Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, yongeye gusaba buri wese kuba maso, ngo iki kibazo kidakomeza gufata indi ntera.
Yagize ati, “Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gutera inda abangavu, abana biga mu mashuri bakiri bato biriyongera. Ari aho byiyongera bigaragara ko tutarebye neza byasa nk’aho ari umuco, ariko tugomba kugaragaza ko tubirwanya, na byo bikagaragarira mu kuba bigabanuka. Dukwiriye kwisuzuma ubwacu nk’abayobozi, abacamanza, Inkiko, abashinjacyaha; icyo kintu tukagikurikirana tukagishyiramo ingufu tukabona ko bigabanutse byanze bikunze.”
Amategeko avuga iki ku Gusambanya Umwana?
Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryasohotse mu igazeti ya Leta nimero idasanzwe ryo kuwa 27/09/2018, mu ngingo yayo ya 133, risobanura neza ibijyanye n’ibihano bihabwa uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka 18.
Iri tegeko rivuga ko umuntu yakoze icyaha, igihe akoreye umwana ibintu bitandukanye birimo gushyira igitsina mu gitsina, mu kibuno cyangwa mu kanwa k’umwana, gushyira urugingo urwo arirwo rwose rw’umubiri w’umuntu mu gitsina, cyangwa mu kibuno cy’umwana, gukora ikindi gikorwa cyose ku mubiri w’umwana hagamijwe ishimishamubiri.
Iyo ubikoze abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri 20 ariko kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu 25.
Iyo gusambanya umwana byakorewe ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ine (14), igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, kandi iyo gusambanya umwana ufite cyangwa urengeje imyaka cumi n’ine (14) byamuteye indwara idakira cyangwa ubumuga, igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu.
Iyo umuntu mukuru asambanyije umwana bigakurikirwa no kumugira umugabo cyangwa umugore, igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha.
Iyo icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana cyakozwe hagati y’abana bafite nibura imyaka cumi n’ine 14 nta kiboko cyangwa ibikangisho byakoreshejwe, nta gihano gitangwa ngo gusa iyo umwana ufite imyaka cumi n’ine 14 ariko utarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani (18) asambanyije umwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ine (14) naho hari icyo amategako ateganya gikurikizwa.
Itegeko rivuga ko iyo uwahamijwe icyaha yari afite nibura imyaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko ariko atarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani (18) mu gihe icyaha cyakorwaga, ibihano bitangwa harimo kuba yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itari munsi y’icumi (10) ariko itarenga cumi n’itanu (15) iyo yari guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, igihano kidashobora kurenga kimwe cya kabiri 1/2 cy’igihano yagombaga guhanishwa, iyo yari guhanishwa igifungo kimara igihe kizwi cyangwa igihano cy’ihazabu.
Nubwo za raporo zitandukanye zigaragaza ko imibare y’abana bahohotewe bagaterwa inda, hari aho yiyongereye ubundi ikagabanyuka, inzego zitandukanye zivuga ko ari umusaruro wavuye mu bufatanye bw’inzego mu gukumira iki cyaha, ndetse n’ubukangurambaga bukomeje gukorwa abantu bakamenya ububi n’ingaruka z’icyaha cy’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abangavu mu miryango, bigatuma batanga amakuru ku nzego zibishinzwe, nazo zigakurikirana mu gutahura iki cyaha kibangamiye iterambere ry’igihugu.
