Mu Rwanda, gusangirira ku muheha bifatwa nk’umuco mu kugaragaza ubusabane n’ubushuti, gusa na none bikaba bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwa muntu, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no gukwirakwiza indwara zandura nk’Igituntu, indwara zo mu kanwa, Hepatite n’izindi, binyuze mu matembabuzi y’umuntu urwaye.
Uku gusangira akenshi usanga bikorwa mu tubari ducuruza inzoga zizwi nk’inzagwa n’imisururu, tubarizwa ahanini mu duce tw’ibyaro, kikaba kimwe mu bikorwa bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gukwirakwiza indwara zandurira mu matembabuzi y’umubiri.
Bamwe mu baganiriye n’ikinyamakuru UMURENGEZI, bo mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, bavuga ko nubwo bazi ingaruka ziterwa no gusangirira ku muheha, batabyitaho bitewe n’uko izo ngaruka ntazo babona usibye kuba babyumva gusa!
Nduwimana James (izina yahawe ku mpamvu z’umutekano we), umwe mu bacururiza urwagwa mu Karere ka Musanze, Umurenge wa Muhoza, avuga ko abakiriya be badakozwa ibyo kudasangira, bakavuga ko ari umuco basanzeho.
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Ati, “Nubwo imiheha ku isoko yabuze, ariko turiyeranja tugashakisha, kuko abakiriya bacu banga kunywesha ibikombe, bagahitamo imiseke, kuko niyo ibafasha gusangira bumva banezerewe.”
Ibi kandi nibyo bigarukwaho na Twagiramungu Manasseh, umuturage wo mu Karere ka Gakenke, uvuga ko nubwo inzego z’ubuzima zibashishikariza kudasangira ibinyobwa bakoresheje igikoresho kimwe, bigoye ko imiseke izacika, kuko ngo icuruzwa rwihishwa kandi ko bagenzi be bayikomeyeho.
Ati, “Abanyarwanda benshi bakunda gusangira, ntabwo byacika. Iyo uguze icupa uwo uhereje ntabwo yakwanga ndetse nawe ahita ahereza uwo begeranye, icupa rikazenguruka akabari. Iyo harimo umuseke, buri wese ntiyashyira mu icupa umuheha we! Urumva ko mu tubari tw’urwagwa bitacika.”
Twagiramungu, atunga agatoki abacuruza imiheha rwihishwa, ndetse n’abakoresha iyakoreshejwe ahandi.
Ati, “Ubu umpaye amafaranga, nakuzanira imiheha mishya! Abacuruzi barayifite mu bice bya kintoko muri Jomba. Abatayifite bakoresha iyakoze mu bindi binyobwa bakayibika, ikazakoreshwa mu rwagwa rwihishwa, kuko ubuyobozi bubahozaho ijisho.”
Inzego zibona zite iki kibazo?
Kayiranga Théobald, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Musanze wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’Abaturage, mu kiganiro cyihariye yahaye UMURENGEZI, yavuze ko hari aho mu Karere ka Musanze usanga abaturage bagisangirira ku muheha, abasaba kubicikaho.
Agira ati, “Hari uduce(cartier) tumwe na tumwe, aho unyura ugasanga banywesha imiheha. Iyo tuhageze nk’aho, dutanga ubujyanama, tukababwira ingaruka zo gusangira ku muheha umwe. Mu nama tugirana n’abaturage dukunda kubivuga cyane, kuko abantu bamaze gusirimuka, kiriya kintu abantu bagomba kugicikaho.”
Kayiranga akomeza agira ati, “Ahanini ni ubumenyi buke na rwa rugendo abantu baba bakirimo rw’iterambere, kuko nka hano mu mujyi wa Musanze rwagati, byamaze gucika, ariko wagera nko mu yindi mirenge ukabibona, bitewe na bwa bumenyi, ndetse no gusirimuka, bitanagendanye no kuba warize cyangwa utarize, ahubwo bijyana no kumva ko hari ibyo ukwiye kuba utinya. Burya umuntu wateye imbere agira ibyo atinya, harimo no gukunda ubuzima bwe. Turasaba abaturage rero kwitwararika kuko amagara aseseka ntayorwe.”
Dr Anicet Nzabonimpa, impuguke mu buzima, we avuga ko usibye kuba gusangira hakoreshejwe igikoresho kimwe ari bibi, gusangirira ku muheha byo biba biteye ubwoba, kuko iyo umuntu asomye hari amatembabuzi, asubira inyuma mu muheha, bityo ko kwanduzanya byoroshye.
Ati, “Ubundi gusangira ku muheha si byiza kuko bishobora gukurura indwara zandura biturutse ku matembabuzi yo mu kanwa. Guhererekanya umuheha abantu ari benshi birabujijwe, umuntu yakagombye kugira igikoresho cye n’umuheha we kuko bibujijwe gusangira abantu bakoresha igikoresho kimwe.
Umuntu ashobora kuba afite mikorobe (Microbes), yasoma zikamanuka mu muheha zikajya mu kinyobwa, undi yakurura akaba aranduye. Abahanga bagaragaza ko indwara nyinshi ziterwa n’umwanda, zishobora kurandurwa abantu bahinduye imyitwarire.”
Dr Nzabonimpa kandi avuga ko impamvu gusangira bidacika ari uko umuco umuntu yabayemo imyaka myinshi, utahita uvanwaho.
Ati, “Niba rero mu Rwanda twarabayeho imyaka irenga 1000 dusangirira ku muheha, kugira ngo icyo kintu kirandurwe, bisaba guhora umuntu yigisha, cyane cyane abantu bakuru bo batinda ku byumva kuko baba barabaye muri uwo muco igihe kirekire. Bisaba guhora umuntu yigisha kuko ntibyahinduka mu cyumweru kimwe kumva ko umuntu aragira igikoresho cye bwite adasangira n’abandi, kuko byongera ubusabane n’urukundo.
Dukwiye kwereka abantu ko haje indwara nyinshi zitandukanye zangiza ubuzima, bagacika kuri uyu muco wo gusangira hakoresejwe igikoresho kimwe gihererekanywa. Buri muntu yirinde, arinde na bagenzi be, ntabe nyirabayazana w’indwara zahitana ubuzima bw’abantu.”
Imiheha ikoreshwa ituruka mu Nganda zenga inzoga zipfundikiye
Bamwe mu bacuruzi b’urwagwa batifuje ko amazina yabo atangazwa ku mpamvu z’umutekano wabo, badutangarije ko bakoresha imiheha imeze nka caguwa, kuko ngo iba yarakoreshejwe mu nganda zo mu Rwanda zenga ibinyobwa bipfundikiye.
Umwe muri bo ati, “Iyi miheha mubona dukoresha, tuba twayiguze magendu, imeze nka caguwa nubwo nayo bitoroshye kuyibona, kuko ku isoko ntayihaboneka, n’aho iboneka umwe tuwugura 200 frw kandi nabwo abayicuruza bayiha abo bazi gusa.
Mbere nibwo yabaga ihendutse kuko twakoreshaga iyavaga muri Bralirwa twabonaga tuyiguze n’abakozi baho, bakayitugurisha kuri make, kuko yabaga yarakoze isa nabi. Dukoresha uko dushoboye tukayifata neza, abakiriya bakayinwesha kenshi gashoboka, icyakora buri mukiriya tumuha umuseke we mu icupa, ariko iyo bamaze kwizihirwa bararihererekanya bagasangira.”
Mu gushaka kumenya amakuru y’impamo kuri ibi bivugwa n’abacuruzi, twagerageje kuvugisha bamwe mu bayobozi b’inganda zenga inzoga zipfundikiye zirimo Blarirwa Plc, ntibyadukundira, kugeza ubwo twasohoraga iyi nkuru.
Mu byo twifuzaga kumenya, harimo imicungire y’imiheha ikoreshwa mu byitwa puresiyo(Pression), kuko ari yo aba bacuruzi bavuga ko bagura, abakiriya babo bakayifashisha basangira urwagwa.
Gusangirira ku muheha bigira ngaruka ki?
Hepatite B na C ni indwara zifata umwijima kandi zishobora kwandura binyuze mu matembabuzi y’umubiri. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima mu Rwanda (RBC), bugaragaza ko 4% by’Abanyarwanda bafite virusi ya Hepatite B.
Gusangira ku muheha bishobora kuba imwe mu nzira yo gukwirakwiza iyi virusi, mu gihe umuntu wanduye afite ibikomere mu kanwa.
Abagera ku 1,500 bapfa buri mwaka mu Rwanda bazize indwara zifata umwijima, aho Hepatite B na C zifite uruhare runini, ndetse kandi n’ikiguzi cy’ubuvuzi kikaba kiri hejuru, kuko usanga kuvura izi ndwara bishobora gutwara hagati ya 500,000 Frw na 2,000,000 Frw ku mwaka, ku murwayi umwe.
Indwara zifata ubuhumekero (zandura binyuze mu matembabuzi) ziri ku isonga mu Rwanda, aho zisaga 20% by’indwara zitangirwa serivisi kwa muganga, nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo ya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima.
Indwara zifata ubuhumekero kandi nka COVID-19, ibicurane, na faringite, zishobora gukwirakwira mu gihe abantu basangiye bakoresheje umuheha. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na RBC mu gihe cya COVID-19, bwagaragaje ko gusangira ibikoresho byo kunywesha biri mu byongereye ikwirakwizwa ry’iyi virusi mu baturage.
Igituntu nayo nk’indwara yandura binyuze mu matembabuzi ava mu bihaha, gusangirira ku muheha bishobora gutuma abari hamwe banduzanya mu buryo bworoshye. Ubushakashatsi kandi bukaba bwaragaragaje ko indwara y’igituntu ariyo itera ubumuga bw’Inyonjo.
Indwara z’amenyo, agahanzi n’izindi ziterwa n’isuku nke yo mu kanwa, zishobora gukwirakwira mu gihe abantu basangiriye ku muheha.
Gusangirira ku muheha, byahagaritswe mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2006, Ni Icyemezo cyafashwe na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima, hagamijwe gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara zandura, cyane cyane izo mu kanwa n’izo mu buhumekero, hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko gusangira umuheha bishobora gutuma indwara nk’Igituntu, meningite, ndetse n’izindi ndwara ziterwa na mikorobe zikwirakwira byihuse.
